• Porcine circovirus type 2 infection: post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and other conditions.
• Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
• A reflection on the strategies for tackling multifactorial disease problems in pigs, with specific reference to post-weaning enteric disorders.
• PCV-2 related reproductive failure in startup herds.
• Comparison of clinical, lesional and virological signs in pigs with and without experimental PMWS.
• Pathology, virulence and epidemiology of a novel H1N2 Influenza virus.
• Swine mating practices and gilt management on U.S swine operations: 2000.
• Serological profiles of pigs with and without experimental PMWS.
• Protection against PCV2 experimental challenge in three-week-old piglets by maternal antibodies.
• Qualitative and quantitative detection of American and European PRRSV field-isolates in serum by real-rime RT-PCR.
• Midgestation foetal PRRSV infection did not induce an immunotolerant state.
• Growth reduction in pigs with pneumonia.
• A comparative study for emergency vaccination against classical swine fever with an E2 sub-unit marker vaccine and a C-strain vaccine.
• Immune protection of an inactivated vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
• Evaluation of three serum antibody ELISA tests for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
• Eradication of Aujeszky’s disease in Germany.
• Reproductive failure associated to porcine circovirus type 2 infection in Spain?
• Concurrent infection of a porcine circovirus and Aujeszky’s Disease virus in fattening pigs in Thailand: A case report.
• First report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Mexico.
• The prevalence of PMWS and PDNS in the eastern part of Lower Saxony.
• New outbreak of swine influenza in the Czech Republic.
• A novel approach to intrauterine infection with PCV2.
• Transmission of maternal antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae onto the piglets of vaccinated sows and their reaction on the vaccination with HYORESP® in the first and fourth or fourth and eighth week respectively
• Safety of humoral immune response to HYORESP® Merial (M. hyopneumoniae) in pregnant sows.
• Comparison of M. hyopneumoniae vaccines and the influence of maternal antibodies.
• The effect of killed vaccine in pigs previously infected with PRRS virus.
• Effect of sow vaccination in piglet Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae prevalence at weaning.
• Effects of Mycoplasma vaccination with HYORESP® on economical and production parameters in swine.
• Delayed PRRS virus seroconversion after vaccinating neonatal pigs.
• Evaluation of different commercial ELISA kits for detecting antibodies against PRRS virus in Europe.
• Detection of porcine circoviruses in commercial vaccines by polymerase chain reaction.
• Unravelling complications of faulty vaccine handling and improper injection techniques.
• Porcilis PRRS: A laboratory assessment of vaccinal virus spread.
• PARVORUVAX® vaccine efficacy in 12-week-old vaccinated pigs using intradermal combined challenge with serotype 1 and serotype 2 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
• RUVAX® vaccine efficacy in 12 weeks old vaccinated pigs using intradermal combined challenge with serotype 1 and serotype 2 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
• Serological responses against classical and current influenza virus strains induced by vaccination with a combined vaccine against pseudorabies and swine influenza in Italian herds.
• Serological response after vaccination with different commercial vaccines against porcine parvovirus.
• Impact of the vaccination against PRRS with an inactivated vaccine on the reproduction performances of 55 farrow-to-finish herds in Brittany.
• Efficacy of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine (HYORESP®) under field conditions.
• ORF5 protein expression of Korean isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using baculovirus expression system.
• Protective effects of oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-spray drying method.
• Polish strains of PRRSV are genetically very diverse.
• Molecular characterization of classical swine fever virus in Taiwan.
• The economical impact of porcine circovirus type 2 when introduced to a naive herd.
• Typing of PRRSV isolates in Thailand by a nested multiplex PCR.
• Evaluation of immune response induced by attenuated and wild-type PRRS virus.
• Growth and replication of PCV2 in different immune cell types in vitro.
• The cloning, sequence analysis and expression of ORF2 gene of porcine circovirus Yu-A strain.
• The economic effects of PRRS-PRDC outbreak.
• Biosecurity in artificial insemination

Porcine circovirus type 2 infection: post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and other conditions.
SEGALES J, DOMINGO M
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:35
A comprehensive and thorough survey of PMWS based on current knowledge is presented in this paper. Various aspects of the disease (description, clinical signs, epidemiological findings, diagnosis, prevention ad control, experimental PMWS infection, PMWS associated with other conditions..) are studied in depth.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
OSARIO FA
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:105
The author presents a review of the latest advances in PRRSV research focusing on the host immune response to PRRSV infection.

A reflection on the strategies for tackling multifactorial disease problems in pigs, with specific reference to post-weaning enteric disorders.
MADEC F, BUDDLE JR
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:113
This paper provides informative advice on the most appropriate way of dealing with multifactorial enzootic diseases: taking into account the environment and multiple factors which intervene in the pathogenic process is essential in order to acquire specific knowledge on the diseases and adopt an adequate strategy. To illustrate this approach, the example of post-weaning enteric disorders is cited.

PCV-2 related reproductive failure in startup herds.
SANFORD SE
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:171
Several cases of reproductive failure associated with PCV-2 detected in tissues of mummified or stillborn piglets from 7 Canadian herds are detailed in this paper. As no other abortigenic agents (PPV, PRRSV, EMCV) were identified in the herds, PCV-2 was considered as a possible causative agent of these outbreaks of reproductive failure.

Comparison of clinical, lesional and virological signs in pigs with and without experimental PMWS.
REYNAUD G, BESEME S, SOULIER M, BUBLOT M, CHARREYRE C
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:172
The results of an experimental infection with PCV-2 show that higher clinical, lesional scores and a higher percentage of PCV-2 positive feces samples were recorded for PCV-2 infected pigs which developed PMWS compared to non PMWS pigs.

Pathology, virulence and epidemiology of a novel H1N2 Influenza virus.
FERRARI M, CORRADI A, SCALVINI A, MARRUCHELLA G, DI LECCE R, GOZIO S
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:178
Experimental infection with H1N2 Influenza virus was performed in male pigs to identify the virus profile. H1N2 virus proved to be a moderately virulent virus inducing protection against homologous virus re-infection, and infecting turbinate and trachea mucosa goblet cells.

Swine mating practices and gilt management on U.S swine operations: 2000.
KING AO, BIELH LG
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:186
This paper presents the different mating techniques and gilt management practices recorded throughout the USA in 2000.

Serological profiles of pigs with and without experimental PMWS.
CHARREYE C, BESEME S, BOEUF-TEDESCHI L, BUBLOT M, REYNAUD G
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:196
Three different assays (VNA: virus neutralization, IFA: immunofluorescence assay and ELISA) were used to differentiate between PCV2 infected pigs with or without PMWS. VNA and ELISA techniques could differentiate the levels of antibodies between PMWS pigs and non PMWS pigs while the IFA test did not. The ELISA test was considered the most reliable technique.

Protection against PCV2 experimental challenge in three-week-old piglets by maternal antibodies.
CHARREYE C, BESEME S, BOEUF-TEDESCHI L, BUBLOT M, REYNAUD G
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:202
Protection against PCV-2 acquired from maternal antibodies was confirmed in piglets born of seropositive sows (group 1) compared to piglets born of seronegative sows (group 2). Fewer clinical signs, higher weight gains and lower antibody scores were noted in the first group of piglets.

Qualitative and quantitative detection of American and European PRRSV field-isolates in serum by real-rime RT-PCR.
HOELLER K, REVILLA S, STEINBORN R, SCHUH M, SCHMOLL F
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:207
Real time RT-PCR was tested and found to be a reliable method for the absolute and relative quantification of PRRS (serum viral load). Many advantages are derived from this method.

Midgestation foetal PRRSV infection did not induce an immunotolerant state.
LAGER KM, BUTLER JE
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:273
The fear of pigs developing an immunotolerant state to a PRRSV infection in utero was dismissed by the results of an experimental infection of foetuses receiving either wild-type PRRS virus or an attenuated PRRS virus. In both cases, fetuses mounted an immune response and were not considered immunotolerant.

Growth reduction in pigs with pneumonia.
BÆKBO P, ANDREASEN M, WACHMANN H, CHRISTENSEN G
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:283
Results of previous studies on the impact of pulmonary lesions on pig growth were confirmed with the present study recording the daily weight gain (DWG) of pigs chronically infected with M. hyopneumoniae, toxigenic Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Only pneumonia caused by M. hyopneumoniae had a significant effect on DWG which was reduced by 30.3g/day or 58.8g/day.

A comparative study for emergency vaccination against classical swine fever with an E2 sub-unit marker vaccine and a C-strain vaccine.
DEWULF J, LAEVENS H, KOENEN F, MINTIENS K, DE KRUIF A
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 1:325
The efficacy of both a marker vaccine ( Porcilis®) and a C-strain vaccine (Pestiffa®) against Classical Swine Fever was assessed in case of an emergency vaccination (vaccination rapidly followed by infection). The marker vaccine yielded unsatisfactory results with infection occurring 7 days after vaccination while the other vaccine protected from virus transmission. Depending on the situation the pros and cons of a marker vaccine versus a classical vaccine should be carefully considered.

Immune protection of an inactivated vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
CAI XH, GUO BQ, LIU WX, CHAI WJ, YIN XN, WANG HF, LIU YG
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:2
There is growing concern for PRRS in China and a PRRS inactivated vaccine was thus developed in this country and tested for its efficacy. Passive and active immunization tests were carried out in 2 vaccinated and 2 control groups of sows and piglets. The results showed that the vaccine conferred effective protection to vaccinated sows, vaccinated piglets and piglets born of vaccinated sows.

Evaluation of three serum antibody ELISA tests for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
ERLANDSON K, THACKER B, WEGNER M, EVANS R, THACKER E
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:74
This paper reports the results of a comparative study of three ELISA tests (two direct ELISA: Tween 20 and IDEXX and one blocking ELISA: DAKO) used in the detection of M.hyo. antibodies.

Eradication of Aujeszky’s disease in Germany.
BÄTZA HJ
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:137
A nationwide eradication programme for Aujeszky’s disease (AD) was implemented in Germany based on the different epidemiological situations encountered in different parts of Germany. The programme focused on protecting unvaccinated AD free herds (mainly Eastern Germany) eradicating the disease in endemic areas (mainly Western Germany) as well as in moderate to low endemic areas. This programme was successful as a sharp decreased in AD outbreaks was observed. All areas except two are now recognized as AD free according to European standards.

Reproductive failure associated to porcine circovirus type 2 infection in Spain?
SEGALES J, ROSELL C, DOMINGO M
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:171
The authors questioned whether reproductive failure could be associated to PCV2 in Spain. A total number of 195 foetuses and stillbirths were submitted and tissues samples were studied for PCV2 detection and presence of microscopic lesions. Only one foetus was positive to PCV2, thereby confirming that PCV-2 can be associated to reproductive failure although this is a rare occurrence.

Concurrent infection of a porcine circovirus and Aujeszky’s Disease virus in fattening pigs in Thailand: A case report.
TANTILERTCHAROEN R, BANLUNARA W, HALBUR P, THANAWONGNUWECH R
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:173
This paper describes the health status of seven cross-bred pigs originating from a Thai farm. A concurrent infection of PCV2 and ADV (Aujeszky’s disease virus) was observed in these pigs following laboratory analysis.

First report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Mexico.
IGLESIAS G, SEGALES J, PALACIOS JM, TRUJANO M
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:179
The first description of a PMWS and PCV2 infection is reported here. Three out of 11 piglets studied showed characteristic lesions of PMWS (granulomatous infiltration) and presence of PCV2 nucleic acid in tissues. Although no outbreaks of PMWS have been recorded yet in Mexico, theses findings should be carefully considered and supported by other investigations.

The prevalence of PMWS and PDNS in the eastern part of Lower Saxony.
NIENHOFF H, BRÜGMANN M
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2: 234
The PDNS/PMWS situation in Eastern Lower Saxony was assessed with a post mortem diagnosis of 2544 pigs from different farms over three years (1999-2001). In total 241 cases of PMWS/PDNS were reported representing 9.5% of postmortems. Interestingly, a large majority of animals with PMWS/PDNS were nursery pigs. A prevalence of 10-20% is estimated for all the farms in the Eastern Lower Saxony region.

New outbreak of swine influenza in the Czech Republic.
BUCHTA JN, LÁNY P, ŽIŽAVSK? M, THURNVALDOVÁ J, POSPÍŠIL Z
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:247
Attention was drawn to a new outbreak of swine influenza in an isolated area of the Czech Republic in July 2000 although no manifestations of the disease had been reported in this country for ten years. Serological analysis identified the virus as an influenza virus with type H1 haemagglutinin. The authors stress the need for constant vigilance against a possible swine influenza outbreak.

A novel approach to intrauterine infection with PCV2.
JEPSEN RJ, POGRANICHNIY RM, EVANS LE, KESL L, STAMMER R, YOON KJ
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:306
An experimentally intrauterine inoculation of PCV2 was performed using non surgical procedure (ultrasound needle-guided injection). Six of 8 sows at late gestation were inoculated with PCV2. The remaining sows were inoculated with PCV2-free medium and gave birth to normal litter while 4 PCV2-inoculated sows aborted. Moreover, stillborns were observed in 3 out of 4 litters and tested positive to PCV2 by PCR. Consequently, the results provide further evidence of reproductive failure caused by PCV2.

Transmission of maternal antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae onto the piglets of vaccinated sows and their reaction on the vaccination with HYORESP® in the first and fourth or fourth and eighth week respectively.
BEILAGE E, SCHREIBER A
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:320
This paper investigates the interference of maternal antibodies from vaccinated sows and gilts (HYORESP®) with the immune status of piglets vaccinated at 1 to 4 (early vaccination) or 4 to 8 weeks of age (late vaccination) with the same vaccine. No interference of maternal antibodies with the level of antibodies of piglets vaccinated at a later time was observed. Also piglets vaccinated late had higher concentrations of antibodies at 12 weeks and were protected by a high concentration of maternal antibodies during the suckling period. Hence, a vaccination scheme combining vaccination of sow and a late vaccination of piglets should be considered.

Safety of humoral immune response to HYORESP® Merial (M. hyopneumoniae) in pregnant sows.
BEILAGE E, SCHREIBER A, LINGENS P
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:321
HYORESP® vaccine safety and efficacy were confirmed by an experiment involving pregnant sows and gilts. No abnormal rectal temperature, no reproductive failure were observed in vaccinated sows and gilts. Moreover, vaccination induced an higher humoral response.

Comparison of M. hyopneumoniae vaccines and the influence of maternal antibodies.
RISTOW LE, SILVA LGC, F?SCOLO CB, SILVA AF
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:330
Several commercial vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae administered at different times were tested in piglets from a farm in Brazil in order to find the best vaccination schedule. Because of Maternally Derived Antibodies, the 21/35 days schedule showed better seroconversion that the 7/21 schedule.

The effect of killed vaccine in pigs previously infected with PRRS virus.
NILUBOL D, TORREMORELL M, HALBUR PG, PLATT KB, HARRIS DL
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:333
A killed vaccine administered to pigs previously infected with PRRSV appeared not to reduce PRRS virus shedding after challenge in the two experiments conducted in the study. However KV vaccinated animals showed an increase in the SN antibodies and a higher number of Interferon g producing cells when compared to non vaccinated controls.

Effect of sow vaccination in piglet Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae prevalence at weaning.
RUIZ A, UTRERA V, PIJOAN C
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:335
The present study demonstrated that piglets from vaccinated sows had a reduced prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae compared to piglets born to non vaccinated sows.

Effects of Mycoplasma vaccination with HYORESP® on economical and production parameters in swine.
JOISEL F, CASTAING J, COUDURE R, SANSOT B, LONGO S, HERIN JB
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:344
The results of different trials on the evaluation of lung lesion scores and pig performance (muscle thickness, average daily weight gain, weight of cold carcass) after vaccination with HYORESP® are reported in this study. Evidence of the efficacy of the vaccine was provided as decrease in lung lesion scores as well as better pig performance were attributable to vaccination.

Delayed PRRS virus seroconversion after vaccinating neonatal pigs.
MISENER M, SANFORD SE
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:359
This study brings further evidence of the interference of maternal immunity in the seroconversion of early-weaned or neonatal piglets. The results show that high passive maternal S/P ratios in piglets caused delay in the seroconversion to the PRRSV vaccine while low S/P ratio levels were associated with rapid seroconversion.

Evaluation of different commercial ELISA kits for detecting antibodies against PRRS virus in Europe.
MIELI L, CHENOUFI N, LAMANDA P, CHARREYRE C
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:363
Results on the efficacy of four ELISA tests in the detection of PRRSV antibodies are presented in this paper.

Detection of porcine circoviruses in commercial vaccines by polymerase chain reaction.
QUINTANA J, SEGALES J, CALSAMIGLIA M, DOMINGO M
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:374
For the first time commercial porcine vaccines were tested for the presence of PCV1 and PCV2. A PCR assay was used to detect the two viruses. Two of the 18 vaccines tested were found to be contaminated with PCV1. PCV2 was not detected in any of the vaccines.

Unravelling complications of faulty vaccine handling and improper injection techniques.
MISENER M, SANFORD SE
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:376
An case of a failed PRRS vaccination in a herd came under close scrutiny in order to understand why this case occurred. Errors in vaccination and injection techniques were the sources of the problems and were corrected. The authors emphasize the importance of clear instructions given to ensure proper vaccination.

Porcilis PRRS: A laboratory assessment of vaccinal virus spread.
ASTRUP P, RIISING HJ
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:380
The risk incurred by a modified live virus such as Porcilis® PRRS is the spread of vaccinal virus and its return to virulence. A laboratory trial was conducted in 120 animals which were either vaccinated with Porcilis® PRRS or kept as sentinel pigs or sows. A limited number of animals (4 sows and 1 sentinel pigs) seroconverted, thereby indicating that the spread of a Porcilis® PRRS vaccinal virus to a PRRSV negative herd was a possible event.

PARVORUVAX® vaccine efficacy in 12-week-old vaccinated pigs using intradermal combined challenge with serotype 1 and serotype 2 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
THEVENON J, BANCILLON S, BESEME S, BRUN A, CALMELS D, CHARREYRE C
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:386
The efficacy of two out of the three vaccines against Erysipelas (standard PARVORUVAX® and 1:10 Erysipelas antigen PARVORUVAX® vaccine) was demonstrated by clinical examination of vaccinated and control pigs. These vaccines comply with the specifications of the European Pharmacopoeia.

RUVAX® vaccine efficacy in 12 weeks old vaccinated pigs using intradermal combined challenge with serotype 1 and serotype 2 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
THEVENON J, BANCILLON S, BESEME S, BRUN A, CALMELS D, CHARREYRE C
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:387
Similar results for RUVAX® were achieved as both 1:6 and 1:10 Erysipelas antigen vaccines produced from RUVAX® proved to be effective in the prevention of the disease.

Serological responses against classical and current influenza virus strains induced by vaccination with a combined vaccine against pseudorabies and swine influenza in Italian herds.
BARIGAZZI G, FONI E, BRUN A, CHARREYE C, LEOTTI G, REYNAUD G
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:388
AKIPOR® FLU (Merial vaccine against Pseudorabies and Influenza) was tested in groups of 10 pigs together with AKIPOR® (Pseudorabies) administered in control groups. Serological findings (inhibition of hemagglutination detecting antibodies to serotypes H1N1, H3N2, H1N2) suggested that an effective antibody response against different strains of Influenza was mounted in pigs vaccinated with AKIPOR® FLU.

Serological response after vaccination with different commercial vaccines against porcine parvovirus.
JOISEL F, MIELI L, LONGO S, BRUN A
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:389
Three groups of SFP (specific pathogen free) pigs were administered three different commercial vaccines or associations of vaccines (PORCILIS® Ery+Parvo, PARVORUVAX®, PARVORUVAX®+ RUVAX®) against parvovirus (PPV). High PPV antibody titers (by haemagglutination inhibition assay) were recorded in all vaccinated pigs after 2 vaccinations. However, PARVOVAX + RUVAX gave significantly higher PPV titers that both PARVORUVAX and PORCILIS Ery + Parvo. The results confirm the efficacy of the vaccines and the need for 2 vaccinations to induce seroconversion.

Impact of the vaccination against PRRS with an inactivated vaccine on the reproduction performances of 55 farrow-to-finish herds in Brittany.
HERIN JB, JOISEL F
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:390
Improvement in reproductive performances of sows and gilts vaccinated with PROGRESSIS® was recorded following vaccination in 55 PRRSv infected herds in Brittany. Results were compared with the average figures found in Brittany for the same period. PROGRESSIS was shown to significantly improve reproduction indexes even in herds with markedly high level reproduction performances.

Efficacy of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine (HYORESP®) under field conditions.
NYMARK K, DAHL J
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:392
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of Enzootic pneumonia, a respiratory disorder in pigs. The present study evaluates the impact of two regimens (either single or double vaccination) for a same vaccine (HYORESP®) on lung lesion scores and average daily weight gains of two herds seropositive for M. Hyopneumonia. HYORESP® was found to be effective: higher daily weight gain and reduced lung lesions.

ORF5 protein expression of Korean isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using baculovirus expression system.
YI SS, KANG SY, KIM HS, KWON HM, HAN JH, HAHN TW
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:400
A Korean isolate CNV-1 of PRRSV was submitted for amplification and nucleotide sequencing of its DNA encoding ORF5. Analysis of the GST-ORF5 recombinant protein was also performed.

Protective effects of oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-spray drying method.
LIN JH, PAN MJ, LIAO CW, YEH KS, WENG CN
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:402
Strong evidence supports the use of an Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae oral vaccine in microsphere dosage form. Oral vaccination (with the microencapsulated vaccine) and intramuscular vaccination were tested and were found to be equally effective in terms of protection against lung lesions and induction of a humoral response.

Polish strains of PRRSV are genetically very diverse.
STADEJEK T, STORGAARD T, OLEKSIEWICZ MB, STANKEVICIUS A, BELAK S, DREW TW, PEJSAK Z
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:407
A phylogenetic tree was set up following the genetic sequencing of ORF5 regions from Polish PRRSV strains and other European strains as well as two PRRS live vaccine strains. This tree revealed a high variability in European types of PRRSV which may put to test the efficacy of European vaccines currently available.

Molecular characterization of classical swine fever virus in Taiwan.
LIN SY, HUANG CC, PAN CH, HUANG TS, DENG MC, JONG MH
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:408
Nucleotide sequencing of a new classical swine fever virus in Taiwan and phylogenetic analysis revealed similarities between this isolate and European virus isolates, thereby implying that it is an invaded virus. Also, its virulence was tested and was found to be moderate.

The economical impact of porcine circovirus type 2 when introduced to a naive herd.
WALLGREN P, WATTRANG E, FOSSUM C
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:409
Although no PMWS or PDNS outbreaks have been so far recorded in Sweden, PCV-2 is prevalent in Swedish herds and can have an negative economical impact on herd performance as shown by the results of a study on the introduction of PCV-2 and its economical consequences due to poor reproductive performance.

Typing of PRRSV isolates in Thailand by a nested multiplex PCR.
THANAWONGNUWECH R, TATSANAKIT A, DAMRONGWATANAPOKIN S, THACKER E
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:410
Thirteen Thai PRRSV isolates amplified by nested multiplex PCR belonged either to the European serotype (8) or to the US serotype (5). The presence of these serotypes in Thai herds has been the result of breeder importation from these countries.

Evaluation of immune response induced by attenuated and wild-type PRRS virus.
JANUTENAITE J, LAGER KM, STABEL T, PESCH B, BROCKMEIER SL
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:413
The efficacy of an immune response induced by PRRSV MLV (modified live vaccine) has been questioned compared to wild-type PRRS infection. In this present study pigs inoculated with wild-type PRRSV experienced significant changes in their lymphocyte population (increased number of CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells and CD3+T cells after inoculation) compared to attenuated virus inoculated pigs (no changes), which suggests that the extent of the PRRSV-specific immune response may depend on PRRSV virulence.

Growth and replication of PCV2 in different immune cell types in vitro.
STEVENSON, LS, MCNEILLY F, GILPIN DF, ADAIR BM, MCNAIR I, MARSCHALL M, ALLAN GM
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:431
The main target cells of PVC2 are monocytic cells and lymphocyte cells (B and T lineages). Replication of the virus is observed in lymphocyte cells only.

The cloning, sequence analysis and expression of ORF2 gene of porcine circovirus Yu-A strain.
JU CM, CHEN HC, LUI ZF, CAO SB, HE QG
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:433
This paper presents the results of the cloning and sequence analysis of PCV2 ORF2 gene.

The economic effects of PRRS-PRDC outbreak.
GNTANU G, MANDESCU M
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:434
The authors are drawing attention to the critical situation that a big pig production unit had to face with a sudden and severe outbreak of PRRS-PRDC in 1997 in Romania. A detailed financial analysis is presented by sector of production. The authors lay emphasis on the great economical impact of the PRRSV infection which endangered a whole pig production unit.

Biosecurity in artificial insemination
DONADEU M, ALEXANDER TJL
Proceedings of the 17th IPVS Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2002-Volume 2:492
Practical advice is given on semen (use and benefit, biosecurity measures, semen monitoring, antibiotic treatment) which still represents a safe vector for genetic transfer.